STUDI ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) SEBELUM DAN SETELAH MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) DI ASIA

DESTILAWATI, SEKAR (2019) STUDI ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) SEBELUM DAN SETELAH MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) DI ASIA. S1 thesis, Fakultas Ekonomi.

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Abstract

SEKAR DESTILAWATI. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Study Before and After the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Asia. Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta 2019. This study has two objectives, to prove the validity of the EKC hypothesis, and to see the difference in the effect of economic growth, energy consumption and population on CO2 emissions between the period before and after the MDGs in high income and lower middle income countries in Asia. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the World Bank. Secondary data obtained in the form of GDP data per capita, energy consumption, population, and CO2 emissions which include quantitative data in the period between 1987-2014 from 20 countries namely, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Brunei Darussalam, Bahrain, Israel, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Tunisia, Mongolia, and Morocco. The analytical method used is the panel data with the Fixed Effect approach by weighting the cross section SUR. The findings show that the EKC hypothesis is significant for high income countries, and for lower middle income countries to form a U-curve. The results of subsequent studies illustrate that in high-income countries, the effect of per capita income can reduce carbon emissions, while energy consumption, and the population increases its influence after the MDGs. Whereas in lower middle income countries, the greater the influence of the population to reduce CO2 emissions, and other factors increase the amount of CO2 emissions after the MDGs. Based on the results of the study, there must be government efforts to reduce the rate of growth of CO2 emissions. Both developed and developing countries must help each other to preserve the environment Keywords: Environment Kuznets Curve, MDGs, economic growth, population, energy consumption, data panel

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